CNC (Machine Writing)

How to make your own CNC (Machine Writing)?

    

        1. Introduction

    

CNC means Computer Numerical Control. This means a computer converts the design produced by the Computer in IDE code software into numbers. The numbers can be considered to be the coordinates of a graph and they control the movement of the writing. In this way, the computer controls the writing of any numbers or letters on paper. The way coordinates are used can be seen as the opposite. The X and Y-axis control the movement of the writing on a paper CNC machine. This allows the paper to be machined in 2 directions.

       

                                       

        2. ImplementationTools

                        1.  CNC  Motor Shield          =1
                        2.  Arduino UNO             =1 
                        3.  Servo motor                   =1
                        4.  Step motor                     =2
                        5.  Pen/ Pencil                     =1

                  1)  Axis CNC/Stepper Motor Shield for Arduino

                   -Use for control step motor and servo motor.
                   -Open source firmware runs on Arduino UNO that commands into stepper signals.
                   - 4-Axis support (X, Y, Z, A-Can duplicate X, Y, Z or do a full 4th axis).
                   - Stepper Motors can be connected with 4-pin Molex connectors or soldered in place.
                   - 2 x End stops for each axis (6 in total). 
                   - Uses removable A4988 compatible stepper drivers. (A4988, DRV8825…).
                   - Runs on 12-36VDC. (DRV8825 drivers can handle up to 36V).
                   - Current can be up to 2 Amps per channel.
                   - Coolant enable.
                   - Compact design.

CNC shield & A4988 Stepper Driver

                  2)  Arduino UNO

                    •Use for converts the design produced in IDE code software into drivers(stepper signals)

Micro controller	ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR
Operating Voltage	5V
Analog Input Pins	6 (A0 – A5)
Digital I/O Pins	14 Pin (6 provide PWM output)
DC Current on I/O Pins	40 mA
DC Current on 3.3V Pin	50 mA
Flash Memory	32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)
SRAM	2 KB
EEPROM	1 KB
Frequency (Clock Speed)	16 MHz

                                

                  3)  Servo Motors

                                •Use for control pen up & down

                                •360 degree, continuous rotation servo motor with gearing and feedback system

                                •Operating Voltage: 4.8V~6V 

                                •Current  100-250mA

                                •Operating Speed: 110RPM (4.8V), 130RPM (6V)

                                •Torque: 2.5kg/cm

                                •Operating speed is 0.1s/60°

                                •Gear Type: Plastic

                                •Rotation : 0°-180°

                                •Weight of motor : 9gm

                                •Package includes gear horns and screws

Servo motor

                 4)  Step motors

                                •for control pen up/down and support energy for work motor shield

                                •Use for motion in write or drawing that has to Dimension  X and Y

                                •Motor type: 2 phase hybrid 4 wire

                                •Dimensions 80mm x100mm x17mm

                                •Driving voltage: 4 - 6V

                                •Current  500mA

                                •Motor diameter: diameter 15mm

                                •Phase resistance: 10 (high current)

                                •Length of screw rod: 50mm

                                •Slide stroke: 38mm (effective stroke)

                                •Screw diameter: diameter 3mm

                                •Screw thread pitch: 3mm

                                •Stride Angle: 18°

Step motor

                  5)  Pens/Pencil

                                •Use for write the letter/number or drawing  any 2  Dimension  pictures. 

                                                     

        3. Process running

        4. Program Control

    •We use the Benbox application for converting the design produced by the Computer in IDE code software into a driver(CNC shield).

Application use to convert  

following these 4 step before using this application

Menu in Application 

        5. Final Result

           6. Possible uses

        7. Reference